Difference between revisions of "Water purification"
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(Created page with "Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/...") |
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Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification</ref> | Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification</ref> | ||
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| + | == Contaminants == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Aside from sediment, contaminants typically found in non-purified water are<ref name="cdc">[https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/travel/backcountry_water_treatment.html A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use]</ref>: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Protozoa | ||
| + | ** [[#Cryptosporidium|Cryptosporidium]] | ||
| + | ** Giardia lamblia | ||
| + | * Bacteria | ||
| + | ** E. coli | ||
| + | ** Salmonella | ||
| + | ** Campylobacter | ||
| + | ** Shigella | ||
| + | ** ''(many others)'' | ||
| + | * Viruses | ||
| + | ** Hepatitis A | ||
| + | ** Enterovirus | ||
| + | ** Norovirus | ||
| + | ** Rotavirus | ||
| + | ** ''(many others)'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Cryptosporidium === | ||
| + | Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with Cryptosporidium are: | ||
| + | # Gastrointestinal illness (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sources of Cryptosporidium in drinking water are: | ||
| + | # Human and animal fecal waste. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Methods that may remove some or all of Cryptosporidium from water are: | ||
| + | # Boiling (rolling boil for 1 minute) - very high effectiveness; | ||
| + | # Filtration - high effectiveness, when using an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter); | ||
| + | |||
| + | Methods that are ''not'' effective in killing Cryptosporidium: | ||
| + | # Disinfection with iodine or chlorine is not effective in killing Cryptosporidium; | ||
| + | # Disinfection with chlorine dioxide has a low to moderate effectiveness in killing Cryptosporidium; | ||
| + | |||
| + | Combination filtration and disinfection has a very high effectiveness in removing and killing Cryptosporidium when used with [[chlorine dioxide]] and an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter). | ||
| + | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 00:11, 3 April 2017
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.[1]
Contaminants
Aside from sediment, contaminants typically found in non-purified water are[2]:
- Protozoa
- Cryptosporidium
- Giardia lamblia
- Bacteria
- E. coli
- Salmonella
- Campylobacter
- Shigella
- (many others)
- Viruses
- Hepatitis A
- Enterovirus
- Norovirus
- Rotavirus
- (many others)
Cryptosporidium
Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with Cryptosporidium are:
- Gastrointestinal illness (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).
Sources of Cryptosporidium in drinking water are:
- Human and animal fecal waste.
Methods that may remove some or all of Cryptosporidium from water are:
- Boiling (rolling boil for 1 minute) - very high effectiveness;
- Filtration - high effectiveness, when using an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter);
Methods that are not effective in killing Cryptosporidium:
- Disinfection with iodine or chlorine is not effective in killing Cryptosporidium;
- Disinfection with chlorine dioxide has a low to moderate effectiveness in killing Cryptosporidium;
Combination filtration and disinfection has a very high effectiveness in removing and killing Cryptosporidium when used with chlorine dioxide and an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter).
