Difference between revisions of "Water purification"

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Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification</ref>
 
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification</ref>
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== Contaminants ==
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Aside from sediment, contaminants typically found in non-purified water are<ref name="cdc">[https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/travel/backcountry_water_treatment.html A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use]</ref>:
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* Protozoa
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** [[#Cryptosporidium|Cryptosporidium]]
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** Giardia lamblia
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* Bacteria
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** E. coli
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** Salmonella
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** Campylobacter
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** Shigella
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** ''(many others)''
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* Viruses
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** Hepatitis A
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** Enterovirus
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** Norovirus
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** Rotavirus
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** ''(many others)''
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=== Cryptosporidium ===
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Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with Cryptosporidium are:
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# Gastrointestinal illness (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).
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Sources of Cryptosporidium in drinking water are:
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# Human and animal fecal waste.
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Methods that may remove some or all of Cryptosporidium from water are:
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# Boiling (rolling boil for 1 minute) - very high effectiveness;
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# Filtration - high effectiveness, when using an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter);
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Methods that are ''not'' effective in killing Cryptosporidium:
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# Disinfection with iodine or chlorine is not effective in killing Cryptosporidium;
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# Disinfection with chlorine dioxide has a low to moderate effectiveness in killing Cryptosporidium;
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Combination filtration and disinfection has a very high effectiveness in removing and killing Cryptosporidium when used with [[chlorine dioxide]] and an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter).
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== References ==
 
== References ==

Revision as of 01:11, 3 April 2017

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.[1]

Contaminants

Aside from sediment, contaminants typically found in non-purified water are[2]:

  • Protozoa
  • Bacteria
    • E. coli
    • Salmonella
    • Campylobacter
    • Shigella
    • (many others)
  • Viruses
    • Hepatitis A
    • Enterovirus
    • Norovirus
    • Rotavirus
    • (many others)

Cryptosporidium

Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with Cryptosporidium are:

  1. Gastrointestinal illness (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).

Sources of Cryptosporidium in drinking water are:

  1. Human and animal fecal waste.

Methods that may remove some or all of Cryptosporidium from water are:

  1. Boiling (rolling boil for 1 minute) - very high effectiveness;
  2. Filtration - high effectiveness, when using an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter);

Methods that are not effective in killing Cryptosporidium:

  1. Disinfection with iodine or chlorine is not effective in killing Cryptosporidium;
  2. Disinfection with chlorine dioxide has a low to moderate effectiveness in killing Cryptosporidium;

Combination filtration and disinfection has a very high effectiveness in removing and killing Cryptosporidium when used with chlorine dioxide and an absolute less than or equal to 1 micron filter (NSF Standard 53 or 58 rated "cyst reduction / removal" filter).


References